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13.5percent
An excess vocabulary analysis of PubMed abstracts suggests that at least 13.5 percent of 2024 abstracts were processed with LLMs.
Checked against its source on October 17, 2026
In the source's own words
“This excess word analysis suggests that at least 13.5% of 2024 abstracts were processed with LLMs.”
Delving into LLM-assisted writing in biomedical publications through excess vocabulary, Dmitry Kobak et al., arXiv, 2024, Abstract.
Open the original- What it measures
- The authors counted an abrupt rise in certain style words after LLMs appeared, across more than 15 million PubMed abstracts from 2010 to 2024.
- What it does not show
- A lower bound from word counts on scientific abstracts. It shows that LLM-shaped word choice has spread, not that any one tool edited any one text.