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Peer-reviewed research

The Typability Index: A tool for measuring and controlling for typing difficulty in text stimuli

Emily A. Williams et al., Behavior Research Methods, 2026 · DOI 10.3758/s13428-025-02877-y

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Read on October 16, 2026

What it is
A 2026 methods paper that argues the difficulty of the text being typed changes typing scores for reasons unrelated to skill. It proposes a Typability Index to measure and control that difficulty before a test or study is run.
How much weight it carries
Peer-reviewed, open access and published by an established journal. It is a methods paper that proposes an index, so its claims about test fairness are arguments backed by its own analysis, not independent measurements of commercial typing tests.

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