Fact · Accessibility and health
1.06effect size
In the 2005 meta-analysis, the overall effect size for spatial central executive working memory in children with ADHD was 1.06, the largest of the four categories reported.
Checked against its source on October 16, 2026
In the source's own words
“Overall effect sizes for spatial storage (effect size = 0.85, CI = 0.62 - 1.08) and spatial central executive WM (effect size = 1.06, confidence interval = 0.72-1.39)”
A meta-analysis of working memory impairments in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, Ron Martinussen et al., Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 2005, Results.
Open the original (DOI 10.1097/01.chi.0000153228.72591.73)- What it measures
- Central executive working memory is the part that holds information while you manipulate it, for example while you plan a sentence and decide what comes next. The four categories were verbal storage, verbal central executive, spatial storage and spatial central executive.
- What it does not show
- An effect size of 1.06 is large by usual conventions, but it describes group averages on laboratory tasks. It does not predict how any one person will write.