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The authors found a strong correlation between the rate of inserted words and part-word repetitions, which ties many of the extra words to repeated sounds.
Checked against its source on October 16, 2026
In the source's own words
“The high rate of word insertions has a strong correlation with part-word repetitions”
From User Perceptions to Technical Improvement: Enabling People Who Stutter to Better Use Speech Recognition (full text), Colin Lea et al., Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (arXiv preprint), 2023, Section 4 (error analysis).
Open the original (DOI 10.48550/arXiv.2302.09044)- What it measures
- The authors measured the correlation across the Phase 2 participants, with a reported correlation of 0.73 for part-word repetitions.
- What it does not show
- A correlation across people, not proof that each repetition produces an extra word. The paper also reports weaker links for whole-word repetitions.