Fact · Speech recognition
The HMM, with Gaussian mixture models as the phonetic component, spread through the speech community and became the dominant paradigm by the 1990s.
Checked against its source on October 17, 2026
In the source's own words
“The use of the HMM, with Gaussian Mixture Models (GMMs) as the phonetic component, slowly spread through the speech community, becoming the dominant paradigm by the 1990s.”
Speech and Language Processing, Chapter 16: Automatic Speech Recognition (draft), Daniel Jurafsky and James H. Martin, Stanford University, online manuscript of the third edition, 2026, Chapter 16, history of automatic speech recognition.
Open the original- What it measures
- The textbook traces the history of ASR. It describes the HMM as applied to speech independently at two laboratories around 1972 and then spreading through the field.
- What it does not show
- Describes a historical trend in the academic and commercial field, not the design of any one product. The date is approximate.