Fact · Dictation
IBM's Tangora, a research system meant to act as a voice-activated typewriter, had to be trained by each individual user, so it was speaker-dependent.
Checked against its source on October 16, 2026
In the source's own words
“the typewriter had to be trained by each individual user”
Automatic Speech Recognition: A Brief History of the Technology Development, B. H. Juang and Lawrence R. Rabiner, Elsevier Encyclopedia of Language and Linguistics (author copy, UC Santa Barbara), 2005, Section on the IBM and Bell Laboratories research programs.
Open the original- What it measures
- The authors describe IBM's 1970s and 1980s effort, led by Fred Jelinek, to build a voice-activated typewriter. They contrast it with the speaker-independent aim of the Bell Laboratories program.
- What it does not show
- A research system described in a 2005 history. It does not give a date for when each user's training was finished, and it does not describe a product sold to the public.