Fact · Typing and writing speed
463students
The ETS study compared the writing of 463 eighth-grade students under three conditions.
Checked against its source on October 16, 2026
In the source's own words
“we contrast the writing behavior of 463 8th-grade students in a school with low socioecomonic status in the western U.S.”
Behavioral Differences Between Retyping, Drafting, and Editing: A Writing Process Analysis, Fred Steck et al., ETS Research Memorandum RM-18-06, Educational Testing Service, 2018, Abstract.
Open the original- What it measures
- The three conditions were copy typing, drafting an essay and editing the essay drafted in an earlier session.
- What it does not show
- All students came from one school, so the sample is narrow.